India is a great country where people speak different languages but the national language is Hindi. India is full of different castes, creeds, religion, and cultures but they live together. That’s the reasons India is famous for the common saying of “unity in diversity“. India is the seventh-largest country in the whole world.

Geography and Culture

India has the second-largest population in the world. India is also knowns as Bharat, Hindustan and sometimes Aryavart. It is surrounded by oceans from three sides which are Bay Of Bengal in the east, the Arabian Sea in the west and Indian oceans in the south. Tiger is the national animal of India. Peacock is the national bird of India. Mango is the national fruit of India. “Jana Gana Mana” is the national anthem of India. “Vande Mataram” is the national song of India. Hockey is the national sport of India. People of different religions such as Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism, Islam, Christianity and Judaism lives together from ancient times. India is also rich in monuments, tombs, churches, historical buildings, temples, museums, scenic beauty, wildlife sanctuaries, places of architecture and many more. The great leaders and freedom fighters are from India.

Flag of India

The Indian flag has tricolors

Saffron

White

Green.

The first color that is uppermost color in the flag which is the saffron color, stands for purity. The second color i.e. the middle color in the flag is the white color and it stands for peace. The third color that is the lowest color in the flag is the green color and it stands for fertility. The white color has an Ashoka Chakra of blue color on it. Ashoka Chakra contains twenty-four spokes which are equally divided. India has 29 states and 7 union territories.

My Favorite States from India are as follows –

Rajasthan

Rajasthan itself has a glorious history. It is famous for many brave kings, their deeds, and their art and architecture. It has a sandy track that’s why the nuclear test was held here. Rajasthan is full of desert, mountain range, lakes, dense forest, attractive oases, and temples, etc. Rajasthan is also known as “Land Of Sacrifice”. In Rajasthan, you can see heritage things of all the kings who ruled over there and for that, you can visit Udaipur, Jodhpur, Jaisalmer, Chittaurgarh, etc.

Madhya Pradesh

Madhya Pradesh is bigger than a foreign (Italy) country and smaller than Oman. It also has tourists attractions for its places. In Madhya Pradesh, you can see temples, lakes, fort, art and architecture, rivers, jungles, and many things. You can visit in Indore, Jabalpur, Ujjain, Bhopal, Gwalior and many cities. Khajuraho, Sanchi Stupa, Pachmarhi, Kanha national park, Mandu, etc. are the places must visit.

Jammu and Kashmir

Jammu and Kashmir are known as heaven on earth. We can also call Jammu and Kashmir as Tourists Paradise. There are many places to visit Jammu and Kashmir because they have an undisturbed landscape, motorable road, beauty, lying on the banks of river Jhelum, harmony, romance, sceneries, temples and many more.

In Jammu and Kashmir, u can enjoy boating, skiing, skating, mountaineering, horse riding, fishing, snowfall, etc. In Jammu and Kashmir, you can see a variety of places such as Srinagar, Vaishnav Devi, Gulmarg, Amarnath, Patnitop, Pahalgam, Sonamarg, Lamayuru, Nubra Valley, Hemis, Sanasar, Anantnag, Kargil, Dachigam National Park, Pulwama, Khilanmarg, Dras, Baltal, Bhaderwah, Pangong Lake, Magnetic Hill, Tso Moriri, Khardung La, Aru Valley, Suru Basin,Chadar Trek, Zanskar Valley, Alchi Monastery, Darcha Padum Trek, Kishtwar National Park, Changthang Wildlife Sanctuary, Nyoma, Dha Hanu, Uleytokpo, Yusmarg, Tarsar Marsar Trek and many more.

Kerela

It is known as the ‘God’s Own Country’, Kerala is a state in India, situated in the southwest region, it is bordered by a number of beaches; covered by hills of Western Ghats and filled with backwaters, it is a tourist destination attracting people by its natural beauty. The most important destinations which you can see in Kerela are the museum, sanctuary, temples, backwaters, and beaches. Munnar, Kovalam, Kumarakom, and Alappad.

Conclusion

India is a great country having different cultures, castes, creed, religions but still, they live together. India is known for its heritage, spices, and of course, for people who live here. That’s the reasons India is famous for the common saying of “unity in diversity”. India is also well known as the land of spirituality, philosophy, science, and technology.

India during British rule, which lasted for almost 200 years from 1757 to 1947, was marked by significant changes in the social, economic, political, and cultural aspects of Indian society. The British East India Company initially established a foothold in India for trade purposes, but gradually expanded their control over vast territories, ultimately leading to British colonial rule over the Indian subcontinent.

Economically, British rule had a profound impact on India. The British East India Company established a monopoly over trade and gradually gained control over Indian markets, resulting in the exploitation of Indian resources and industries. Indian goods were often subjected to high tariffs, while British goods flooded the Indian market, leading to the decline of traditional Indian industries such as textiles, metalwork, and handicrafts. The British also introduced modern methods of transportation and communication, such as railways and telegraph, which transformed India's infrastructure, but were primarily used to serve British interests in transporting goods and maintaining control over the vast territory.

Socially, British rule brought about significant changes in Indian society. The British introduced Western education, language, and values, which led to the emergence of a new class of Indian elites who were influenced by Western ideas and sought modernization. However, this also led to the erosion of traditional Indian knowledge systems and cultural practices. The British also implemented social reforms, such as abolition of sati (the practice of widows immolating themselves on their husband's funeral pyre), and initiated efforts to eradicate social evils like caste discrimination and child marriage, although progress was slow and limited.

Politically, British rule transformed the governance structure in India. The British initially established indirect rule through local rulers, but gradually centralized power and established a direct rule through a system of British governance. Indians were largely excluded from the decision-making processes, and the British maintained control over key positions of power. This led to widespread discontent and the rise of various Indian movements for independence and self-governance, such as the Indian National Congress and the All India Muslim League.

The British also implemented policies that exploited India's diversity, such as the infamous "divide and rule" policy, which exacerbated religious and communal tensions among different communities in India. This policy sowed the seeds of communalism, which has had a lasting impact on India's social and political fabric even after gaining independence.

However, the British rule also witnessed Indian resistance and efforts to reclaim independence. There were numerous uprisings and protests against British oppression, such as the First War of Indian Independence in 1857, also known as the Sepoy Mutiny, which was a significant turning point in India's struggle for freedom.

Despite the challenges posed by British rule, India also witnessed significant developments during this period. The British introduced modern institutions like the judiciary, police, and bureaucracy, which continue to be an integral part of India's governance system today. The British also laid the foundation for modern education and introduced concepts like democracy, rule of law, and individual rights, which later influenced India's freedom movement and its constitution.

In conclusion, British rule had a profound and complex impact on India. While it brought about some positive changes in terms of modernization, infrastructure, and institutions, it also led to exploitation, economic drain, social and cultural disruptions, and political suppression. The struggle for independence during British rule laid the foundation for India's journey as a sovereign nation, and the legacy of this period continues to shape India's political, social, and economic landscape even today.

During the British rule of India, there were many heroes who fought for the country's freedom and independence. These heroes were brave, selfless, and determined to free India from the shackles of colonialism. They sacrificed their lives and faced countless hardships to achieve their goal of a free India. In this essay, we will discuss some of the most prominent heroes during the British rule in India.

Mahatma Gandhi is one of the most well-known heroes of India's freedom struggle. He is often referred to as the "Father of the Nation" because of his significant contributions to India's independence movement. Gandhi was a proponent of non-violent resistance and civil disobedience, and he used these methods to challenge British rule. He organized mass protests, boycotts, and strikes, and his campaigns often resulted in clashes with the British authorities.

One of the most significant events in Gandhi's life was the Salt March in 1930. The British had imposed a tax on salt, which was a basic necessity for the Indian people. Gandhi led a march of over 240 miles to the coastal town of Dandi, where he and his followers made their own salt by evaporating seawater. This act of civil disobedience inspired millions of Indians to join the struggle for independence.

Another hero of India's freedom struggle was Jawaharlal Nehru. He was a close associate of Gandhi and became the first Prime Minister of India after independence. Nehru was a staunch believer in democracy and socialism, and he played a key role in drafting India's Constitution. He also pursued a policy of non-alignment in foreign affairs, which helped India maintain its independence and sovereignty.

Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel was another important hero of the freedom struggle. He was a skilled politician and organizer, and he played a critical role in unifying India after independence. Patel was responsible for integrating over 500 princely states into the newly-formed Indian Union, which was no easy feat. He was also a key figure in the Indian National Congress and played a major role in the negotiations with the British that led to India's independence.

Bhagat Singh was a revolutionary hero who believed in armed struggle against the British. He was a member of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA), which sought to overthrow British rule through violent means. Singh was involved in several acts of violence, including the bombing of the Central Legislative Assembly in Delhi in 1929. He was eventually arrested, tried, and executed by the British authorities.

Subhash Chandra Bose was another revolutionary hero who believed in armed struggle against the British. He founded the Indian National Army (INA) in 1942, which aimed to overthrow British rule in India. Bose collaborated with the Japanese during World War II, and the INA fought alongside Japanese forces against the British in Burma. Bose died in a plane crash in 1945, but his legacy as a revolutionary hero lives on.

Rani Lakshmibai was a warrior queen who fought against British rule during the Indian Rebellion of 1857. She was the queen of the princely state of Jhansi and led her troops into battle against the British. Although she was eventually defeated, her bravery and determination inspired other Indian leaders to rise up against British rule.

These are just a few of the heroes of India's freedom struggle during the British rule. There were many others who also made significant contributions to the cause of Indian independence. These heroes came from different backgrounds and had different approaches to achieving their goals, but they all shared a common desire to free India from colonialism and establish a sovereign nation.

The heroes of India's freedom struggle faced immense challenges and hardships. They were often imprisoned, tortured, and even killed by the British authorities. However, they remained committed to their cause and continued to